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1992 Irish general election

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1992 Irish general election

← 1989 25 November 1992 1997 →

166 seats in Dáil Éireann[a]
84 seats needed for a majority
Turnout68.5% Steady 0.0 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Albert Reynolds (cropped).jpg
John Bruton, December 1996 (cropped).jpg
Dick Spring 1995 (headshot).jpg
Leader Albert Reynolds John Bruton Dick Spring
Party Fianna Fáil Fine Gael Labour
Leader since 6 February 1992 20 November 1990 November 1982
Leader's seat Longford–Roscommon Meath Kerry North
Last election 77 seats, 44.2% 55 seats, 29.2% 15 seats, 9.5%
Seats won 68 45 33
Seat change Decrease 9 Decrease 10 Increase 18
Popular vote 674,650 422,106 333,013
Percentage 39.1% 24.5% 19.3%
Swing Decrease 5.1 pp Decrease 4.7 pp Increase 9.8 pp

  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Desmond O'Malley, 1979 (election box crop).tif
Proinsias De Rossa, July 1996 (cropped).png
GP
Leader Desmond O'Malley Proinsias De Rossa
Party Progressive Democrats Democratic Left Green
Leader since 21 December 1985 1992
Leader's seat Limerick East Dublin North-West
Last election 6 seats, 5.5% New 1 seat, 1.5%
Seats won 10 4 1
Seat change Increase 4 New Steady 0
Popular vote 80,787 47,945 24,110
Percentage 4.7% 2.8% 1.4%
Swing Decrease 0.8 pp New Decrease 0.1 pp


Taoiseach before election

Albert Reynolds
Fianna Fáil

Taoiseach after election

Albert Reynolds
Fianna Fáil

The 1992 Irish general election to the 27th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 25 November, almost three weeks after the dissolution of the 26th Dáil on 5 November by President Mary Robinson, on the request of Taoiseach Albert Reynolds following a defeat of the government in a motion of confidence. The general election took place in 41 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 166 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, under a revision in the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1990. Three referendums on abortion were held on the same date.

The 27th Dáil met at Leinster House on 14 December 1992 to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. No government was formed on that date, but on 12 January 1993, Reynolds was re-appointed Taoiseach, forming the 23rd government of Ireland, a coalition government of Fianna Fáil and the Labour Party.

Campaign

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The general election of 1992 was precipitated by the collapse of the Fianna FáilProgressive Democrats coalition government. Allegations of dishonesty at the Beef Tribunal forced Desmond O'Malley and his party to part ways with Albert Reynolds's Fianna Fáil. Both Albert Reynolds and John Bruton of Fine Gael were fighting their first general election as leader of their respective parties. For Reynolds it would be his only election as leader. The campaign went very poorly for Fianna Fáil with Reynolds's support dropping by 20%.

On the left, the Labour Party had increased their support in the local elections the previous year and many were predicting major gains for the party in the Dáil. The Workers' Party had split at a special convention that year over a motion to re-constitute the party, similar to the move made the same year by the Italian Communist Party, and sever all links with the Official IRA. Six out of their seven TDs and a majority of their councillors left the party when the motion failed to be passed and formed Democratic Left in early 1992.

Many political pundits had predicted that Fianna Fáil would not be re-elected and that a "Rainbow Coalition" involving Fine Gael, the Labour Party and possibly Democratic Left would be formed. John Bruton, the leader of Fine Gael, had problems of his own. Opinion polls showed that if a "Rainbow Coalition" came to power, Dick Spring of the Labour Party was seen as a better potential Taoiseach than Bruton. The possibility of a rotating Taoiseach was also hinted at in the media.

The big winner of the campaign was Dick Spring and the Labour Party. They distanced themselves completely from Fine Gael and fought an independent line. During the campaign Spring made very little comment about what the party would do after the election, however, he did say that if the Labour Party was part of a coalition he would have to be granted a turn as Taoiseach.

The election also saw Moosajee Bhamjee (Labour Party) become the first Muslim Teachta Dála (TD).

Results

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Election to the 27th Dáil – 25 November 1992[3][4][5][6]
Party Leader Seats ± % of
seats
First pref.
votes
% FPv ±%
Fianna Fáil Albert Reynolds 68 Decrease9 41.0 674,650 39.1 Decrease5.0
Fine Gael John Bruton 45 Decrease10 27.1 422,106 24.5 Decrease4.8
Labour Dick Spring 33 Increase18 19.8 333,013 19.3 Increase9.8
Progressive Democrats Desmond O'Malley 10 Increase4 6.0 80,787 4.7 Decrease0.8
Democratic Left Proinsias De Rossa 4 New 2.4 47,945 2.8 New
Sinn Féin Gerry Adams 0 Steady 0 0 27,809 1.6 Increase0.4
Green N/A 1 Steady 0 0.6 24,110 1.4 Decrease0.1
Workers' Party Tomás Mac Giolla 0 Decrease7[b] 0 11,533 0.7 Decrease4.3
Christian Centrist 0 New 0 3,413 0.2
Independent N/A 5[a] Increase1 3.0 99,487 5.8 Increase2.5
Spoilt votes 26,498
Total 166 0 100 1,751,351 100
Electorate/Turnout 2,557,036 68.5%

In 1989 the Democratic Socialist Party won 0.6% of the vote and 1 seat; the party merged with the Labour Party in 1990. Independents include Independent Fianna Fáil (5,248 votes, 1 seat).

Voting summary

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First preference vote
Fianna Fáil
39.11%
Fine Gael
24.47%
Labour
19.31%
Progressive Democrats
4.68%
Democratic Left
2.78%
Sinn Féin
1.61%
Green
1.40%
Others
0.87%
Independent
5.77%

Seats summary

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Dáil seats
Fianna Fáil
40.96%
Fine Gael
27.11%
Labour
19.88%
Progressive Democrats
6.02%
Democratic Left
2.41%
Green
0.60%
Independent
3.01%

Government formation

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Fianna Fáil had its worst performance since 1927, winning less than 40% of the vote. Fine Gael, in spite of predictions of success, lost 10 seats. The Labour Party recorded its best ever result, an event dubbed the "Spring Tide" and more than doubled its number of seats. Talks between Fine Gael and Labour on establishing a minority government floundered after several weeks, partly over the issue of the "revolving Taoiseach". Spring had to enter into coalition with Fianna Fáil, or force another election. The coalition deal proved very unpopular with many of Labour's supporters, because Dick Spring had campaigned heavily against Fianna Fáil and particularly Albert Reynolds. As a result of the coalition, Albert Reynolds was elected Taoiseach with over 100 votes, the biggest majority by any Taoiseach until 2011.

Following a number of scandals in 1994, particularly over the beef industry, the Labour Party left the coalition and, after negotiations, formed the Rainbow Coalition with Fine Gael and Democratic Left on 15 December 1994, as three by-election gains had by then made a Fine Gael-Labour-Democratic Left majority government possible.[7] This was the first and to date, the only, time a new government with new coalition parties took office within a Dáil term.

Dáil membership changes

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The following changes took place as a result of the election:

  • 11 outgoing TDs retired
  • 155 TDs stood for re-election
    • 126 of those were re-elected
    • 30 failed to be re-elected
  • 41 successor TDs were elected
    • 33 were elected for the first time
    • 8 had previously been TDs
  • There were 10 successor female TDs, increasing the total number by 7 to 20
  • There were changes in 29 of the 41 constituencies contested

Outgoing TDs are listed in the constituency they contested in the election. For some, such as John Stafford, this differs from the constituency they represented in the outgoing Dáil. Where more than one change took place in a constituency the concept of successor is an approximation for presentation only.

Constituency Departing TD Party Change Comment Successor TD Party
Carlow–Kilkenny No membership changes
Cavan–Monaghan John Wilson Fianna Fáil Retired Brendan Smith Fianna Fáil
Bill Cotter Fine Gael Lost seat Seymour Crawford Fine Gael
Clare Brendan Daly Fianna Fáil Lost seat Tony Killeen Fianna Fáil
Madeleine Taylor-Quinn Fine Gael Lost seat Moosajee Bhamjee Labour Party
Cork East Joe Sherlock Democratic Left Lost seat John Mulvihill Labour Party
Cork North-Central Denis Lyons Fianna Fáil Lost seat Burke – Former TD Liam Burke Fine Gael
Cork North-West Laurence Kelly Fianna Fáil Lost seat Moynihan – Former TD Donal Moynihan Fianna Fáil
Cork South-Central John Dennehy Fianna Fáil Lost seat O'Keeffe – Former TD Batt O'Keeffe Fianna Fáil
Pearse Wyse Progressive Democrats Retired Pat Cox Progressive Democrats
Cork South-West No membership changes
Donegal North-East No membership changes
Donegal South-West No membership changes
Dublin Central Dermot Fitzpatrick Fianna Fáil Lost seat Joe Costello Labour Party
Dublin North New seat Trevor Sargent Green Party
Dublin North-Central Vincent Brady Fianna Fáil Retired Derek McDowell Labour Party
Charles Haughey Fianna Fáil Retired Son of outgoing TD Seán Haughey Fianna Fáil
Pat Lee Fine Gael Lost seat Previously represented Dublin Central but due to boundary changes ran in Dublin North-Central
John Stafford Fianna Fáil Lost seat Previously represented Dublin Central but due to boundary changes ran in Dublin North-Central
Dublin North-East Michael Joe Cosgrave Fine Gael Lost seat Seán Kenny Labour Party
Pat McCartan Democratic Left Lost seat Tommy Broughan Labour Party
Dublin North-West Michael Barrett Fianna Fáil Retired Noel Ahern Fianna Fáil
Jim Tunney Fianna Fáil Lost seat Róisín Shortall Labour Party
Dublin South Nuala Fennell Fine Gael Retired Eithne FitzGerald Labour Party
Roger Garland Green Party Lost seat Liz O'Donnell Progressive Democrats
Dublin South-Central Eric Byrne Democratic Left Lost seat Pat Upton Labour Party
Fergus O'Brien Fine Gael Retired Seats reduced from 5 to 4
Dublin South-East Garret FitzGerald Fine Gael Retired Frances Fitzgerald Fine Gael
Joe Doyle Fine Gael Lost seat McDowell – Former TD Michael McDowell Progressive Democrats
Gerard Brady Fianna Fáil Lost seat Eoin Ryan Fianna Fáil
Dublin South-West New seat Éamonn Walsh Labour Party
Dublin West Tomás Mac Giolla Workers' Party Lost seat Joan Burton Labour Party
Dún Laoghaire Monica Barnes Fine Gael Lost seat Helen Keogh Progressive Democrats
Brian Hillery Fianna Fáil Lost seat Became a minister on first day Niamh Bhreathnach Labour Party
Galway East No membership changes
Galway West Frank Fahey Fianna Fáil Lost seat Éamon Ó Cuív Fianna Fáil
Kerry North Tom McEllistrim Fianna Fáil Lost seat Foley – Former TD Denis Foley Fianna Fáil
Kerry South Michael Moynihan Labour Party Retired Daughter of outgoing TD Breeda Moynihan-Cronin Labour Party
Kildare No membership changes
Laois–Offaly Tom Enright Fine Gael Lost seat Pat Gallagher Labour Party
Limerick East No membership changes
Limerick West No membership changes
Longford–Roscommon Louis Belton Fine Gael Lost seat Represented Longford–Westmeath but due to constituency changes was one of 5 outgoing TDs standing
in this new 4 seat constituency
Terry Leyden Fianna Fáil Lost seat Doherty – Former TD Seán Doherty Fianna Fáil
Louth No membership changes
Mayo East Seán Calleary Fianna Fáil Retired Tom Moffatt Fianna Fáil
Mayo West Martin O'Toole Fianna Fáil Retired Séamus Hughes Fianna Fáil
Meath John Farrelly Fine Gael Lost seat Brian Fitzgerald Labour Party
Sligo–Leitrim Gerry Reynolds Fine Gael Lost seat Declan Bree Labour Party
Tipperary North No membership changes
Tipperary South No membership changes
Waterford No membership changes
Westmeath Due to boundary changes, only 2 outgoing TDs from Longford–Westmeath moved to this 3-seat constituency Willie Penrose Labour Party
Wexford Séamus Cullimore Fianna Fáil Lost seat Byrne – Former TD Hugh Byrne Fianna Fáil
Michael D'Arcy Fine Gael Lost seat Doyle – Former TD Avril Doyle Fine Gael
Wicklow Dick Roche Fianna Fáil Lost seat Johnny Fox Independent
New seat Liz McManus Democratic Left

Seanad election

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The Dáil election was followed in early 1993 by the election to the 20th Seanad.

Notes

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  1. ^ a b Including Seán Treacy (Ind), returned automatically for Tipperary South as outgoing Ceann Comhairle, under Art. 16.6 of the Constitution and the Electoral Act 1963, as amended.[1][2]
  2. ^ In early 1992, 6 Workers' Party TDs left the party and founded Democratic Left (DL).

References

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  1. ^ Electoral (Amendment) (No. 2) Act 1980, s. 1: Amendment of section 14 of Electoral Act 1963 (No. 40 of 1980, s. 1). Enacted on 23 December 1980. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book.
  2. ^ "27th Dáil 1992: Tipperary South". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  3. ^ Government of Ireland (1993). "Dáil General Election November, 1992 Election Results and Transfer of Votes in the General Election for the Twenty-Seventh Dáil" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. Stationery Office, Government of Ireland. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  4. ^ "27th Dáil 1992 General Election". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  5. ^ "Dáil elections since 1918". ARK Northern Ireland. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  6. ^ Nohlen, Dieter; Stöver, Philip (2010). Elections in Europe: A data handbook. Nomos. pp. 1009–1017. ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7.
  7. ^ "Dáil Éireann By Elections 1918–2005". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009.

Further reading

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