GAZelle

GAZelle
GAZelle
	GAZelle with the restyled front end introduced in 2003
Overview
Manufacturer	GAZ (Gorky Automobile Plant)
Production	1994–present
Assembly	Nizhny Novgorod, Russia (GAZ); Rokiškis, Lithuania (UAB "Automašinų verslo centras", 2000–2008); Simferopol, Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine (KrimAvtoGAZ, 1995–2006); Söğütlü, Turkey (Mersa Otomotiv, 2012–); Haciqabul, Azerbaijan (Azermash, 2021–);
Body and chassis
Class	Light commercial vehicle (M)
Body style	2-door dropside truck; 2/4-door pickup truck; 4-door panel van; 4-door minibus
Layout	FR layout
Related	GAZ-31029
Powertrain
Engine	petrol:; 2286 cc ZMZ-406 I4; 2429 cc Chrysler EDZ I4; 2445 cc ZMZ-402 I4; 2460 cc ZMZ-405 I4; 2890 cc UMZ-4216 I4; LPG:; 2890 cc UMZ-42164 I4; diesel:; 2134 cc GAZ-5602 I4; 2781 cc Cummins ISF turbo I4;
Transmission	5-speed manual
Chronology
Predecessor	RAF-2203
Successor	Gazelle NEXT

The GAZelle (Russian: ГАЗе́ль) is a series of light commercial vehicle—pickup trucks, vans and minibuses—made by Russian car manufacturer GAZ. At the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union and transition to a market economy, the Russian automobile industry had not produced a much-demanded LCV similar to the Ford Transit or VW T4 class. Although based on a large and heavy dedicated van chassis, the GAZelle initially shared many mechanical parts, such as the grille and headlights with the GAZ-31029; Riga Autobus Factory, which formerly manufactured minibuses for the whole USSR, remained in Latvia, and now required its vehicles be sold to the now-foreign Russian market for hard currency. Responding to this market opportunity, GAZ swiftly developed its own LCV called GAZelle (the name is a pun on "gazelle"), which, taken together with its lighter version, Sobol, now account for the majority of the Russian van and light truck market^[1] and have strong positions in the markets of other CIS countries, ranking as GAZ's most popular and successful products.^[2]

The GAZelle's design is superficially reminiscent of the 1986 Ford Transit,^[3]^[4] but the two cars have nothing in common.^[5]^[6]^[7] It has remained very successful on the Russian market despite minimal upgrades.

Design

The development dates back to both Soviet designs of the 1980s, which were originally intended for production in a never commissioned vehicle plant in Kirovabad (Azerbaijan), as well as unofficial developments of the GAZ plant from the same period.^[6] The project could only be pursued further by GAZ after the collapse of the Soviet Union. In August 1993 the GAZelle was presented at a motor show in Moscow, production started in July^[6] or at the end of 1994^[7] in Nizhny Novgorod.^[6] The GAZelle uses only Russian-made engines, different manual transmissions were installed, there was no option for an automatic transmission. Also, the front seats have been changed in design, as well as the heating and ventilation system and the engine radiator, the dashboard was redesigned. The ground clearance of the Russian vehicles is higher, it was adapted to the road conditions in Russia.^[5]

In 1999 GAZ started production of all-terrain 4x4 versions of GAZelle that utilized parts of the heavier-class vehicles. Now it features an optional rear differential lock offered at ~US$500 extra.

By 2005 one million GAZelles had been built. Apart from the CIS countries and Central and Eastern Europe, GAZelles are exported to Asian and African markets, including Morocco^[8] and the Philippines.^[9]^[10]

In 2010–2011 the GAZelle family underwent a serious upgrade. The upgraded model was renamed GAZelle Business. The changes affected 20 main vehicle units and systems, including steering, brakes, gearbox, cooling system, transmission and interior.^[11]

In 2013 GAZ started serial production of the new generation GAZelle NEXT light commercial vehicle that features freighter, van, minibus and other versions of different sizes.^[12]^[13]

Generations

Name	Date	Photo
GAZelle	1994 – Start of production of the first generation. Initially released only freighters. 1996 – Started production of minibuses 1998 – Started production of scaled-down version called Sobol^{[citation needed]}	\|
GAZelle	2003 – Started production of the second generation. Changes: new teardrop-shaped headlights instead of rectangular, new grille, new front bumper, increased space under the hood, rear colorless lenses turning lights, combined with the reversing light lenses. A new dashboard and power steering, steel versions are available with all-wheel drive. 2004 – ABS introduced 2006 – side repeaters turning lights moved from the front wings to the side mirrors, which were painted body color	\|
GAZelle-Business	2010 – Scale modernization, construction of 130 changes including a new grill combined with the bumper. Inside, the new family of vehicles differs from their predecessors by way of a front panel, steering wheel, standard audio head unit from Blaupunkt, new cab heater control unit or the front of the cabin. Engine UMZ – 4216 (fresh family car commercial - UMZ - 4216.10 ) got a new injection control program, whereby the maximum torque (220.5 Nm) is achieved at fairly low (for a gasoline engine) 2500 rpm. The family of " GAZelle Business " engine mountings were introduced Anvis Group, radiator with aluminum core TRM, Bosch electrical components and Brisk spark plugs. The drive brakes used Bosch products (in particular, the brake master cylinder and the brake servo), the drive clutch components and ZF Sachs, power steering from ZF Lenksysteme was introduced along with defroster door mirrors as standard. New modification of the car with 2010 was equipped with a turbocharged diesel engine (Cummins ISF American development). 2011 – In the factory catalog, the first appearance of a shuttle van with a high roof. 2013 – Started producing modifications with bi-fuel petrol-gas engine.	\|
GAZelle Next	2013 – started production of a completely new LCV, while the production of the 2010 version continues.	\|

Models

GAZ-3302 dropside truck and chassis, rear-wheel drive, regular three-seat cab
GAZ-33021 dropside truck and chassis, improved, RWD
GAZ-33023 dropside truck and chassis, all-wheel drive
GAZ-33027 dropside truck and chassis, six-seat "King Cab" extended cab, RWD
GAZ-330237 dropside truck and chassis, extended cab, AWD
GAZ-3221 minibus, 8 seats, RWD
GAZ-32213 minibus, 13 seats, RWD
GAZ-322132 minibus, 13 seats (marshrutka, for shuttle services), RWD
GAZ-2705 panel van, RWD
GAZ-27051 ambulance, RWD
GAZ-27052 Combi panel van, extended cab, RWD
GAZ-27057 Combi panel van, extended cab, AWD

Variants

The GAZ Sobol is a lighter duty version of the GAZelle, built on a shorter wheelbase. It was introduced in 1998.

The GAZ Valdai is a heavier duty version of the GAZelle, and is essentially only sharing the cab with the GAZelle, being based on the completely different larger and heavier GAZ-3307 truck chassis.

The GAZelle cabin is also used for building tracked all-terrain carriers such as GAZ-3409 «Bobr» (Beaver).^[14]

Before GAZ introduced its own GAZelle-based minibus, various smaller Russian factories launched rebuilding of freight GAZelles into minibuses ("Pskova-2214", "STG-01") and different custom vehicles.^[15] A few Russian and Ukrainian factories still produce custom buses and ambulances based on GAZelles of "Business" and "NEXT" generations.

Trim levels

Before the 2010 upgrade, customers were not given the opportunity to select options. Currently the Gazelle-Business can be ordered with a rear differential lock, ABS braking system, "de luxe" instrument panel, and the "Package" option that includes fog lights, electroproof mirrors, front electric windows, dashboard "de luxe" (radio control buttons on the steering wheel and audio package) and central locking of the front doors.

The succeeding GAZelle NEXT generation of LCVs has its own schedule of basic trim levels and options.