Jump to content

Same-sex marriage in Switzerland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Part of the LGBTQ rights series
Marriage

Recognized

Civil unions or registered partnerships but not marriage
Minimal recognition
See also
Notes
  1. ^ a b Performed in the Netherlands proper (including the Caribbean Netherlands), as well as in Aruba and Curaçao. May be registered in Sint Maarten in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
  2. ^ Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands.
  3. ^ Neither performed nor recognized in six British Overseas Territories.
  4. ^ a b Neither performed nor recognized in some tribal nations. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and American Samoa.
  5. ^ Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.
  6. ^ a b c d e The Coman v. Romania ruling of the European Court of Justice obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of EU citizens. Some member states, including Romania, do not follow the ruling.
  7. ^ A "declaration of family relationship" is available in several of Cambodia's communes which may be useful in matters such as housing, but is not legally binding.
  8. ^ Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care.
  9. ^ Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.
  10. ^ Courts have recognised guru–shishya, nata pratha or maitri karar–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.
  11. ^ Some cities and prefectures issue partnership certificates, but they are not legally binding.
  12. ^ Marriages conducted abroad between a Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights.
  13. ^ Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.
  1. ^ a b Not yet in effect.
LGBTQ portal

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Switzerland since 1 July 2022. Legislation to open marriage to same-sex couples passed the Swiss Parliament in December 2020. The law was challenged in a referendum on 26 September 2021 by opponents of same-sex marriage and was approved with the support of 64% of voters and a majority in all 26 cantons. The law went into force on 1 July 2022. A provision of the law permitting same-sex marriages performed abroad to be recognised in Switzerland took effect on 1 January 2022. Switzerland was the seventeenth country in Europe and the 30th in the world to allow same-sex couples to marry.

Switzerland allowed registered partnerships for same-sex couples from 1 January 2007, following a 2005 referendum. These partnerships provided most, but not all, of the rights and benefits of marriage. Since the introduction of same-sex marriage on 1 July 2022, registered partnerships are no longer available in Switzerland.

Registered partnerships

[edit]
Results of the 2005 registered partnership referendum by canton, 5 June 2005

Passage and referendum

[edit]
See also: 2005 Swiss referendums

In a nationwide referendum on 5 June 2005, Swiss voters approved a registered partnership law granting same-sex couples the same rights and protections as married couples in terms of next of kin status, taxation, social security, insurance, and shared possession of a dwelling. However, same-sex couples would not have the same rights in terms of joint adoption of children, access to fertility treatments, and facilitated Swiss naturalisation of the foreign partner. Swiss law provides a faster route to citizenship for the spouse of a Swiss citizen, but did not recognise same-sex marriages conducted in foreign countries, instead classing them as registered partnerships.

The official title of the same-sex union is eingetragene Partnerschaft in German, partenariat enregistré in French, unione domestica registrata in Italian, and partenadi registrà in Romansh. The bill was passed by the National Council, 118 to 50,[1] on 3 December 2003, and by the Council of States on 3 June 2004 by 33 votes to 5, with minor changes.[2][3] The National Council approved it again on 18 June, by a vote of 112 to 51, but the conservative Federal Democratic Union collected signatures to force a referendum.[4][5] Subsequently, the Swiss people voted 58% in favor of the bill on 5 June 2005.[6] The law came into effect on 1 January 2007.[7] Switzerland was the first nation to pass a same-sex union law by referendum.

Federal Act on registered partnerships of same-sex couples[8]
Choice Votes %
Referendum passed Yes 1,559,848 58.04
No 1,127,520 41.96
Valid votes 2,687,368 98.30
Invalid or blank votes 46,470 1.70
Total votes 2,733,838 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 4,837,844 56.51

At the end of August 2008, the Federal Supreme Court ruled that long-term same-sex partners were entitled to the same vested pension benefits as long-term opposite-sex partners. A shared residence is not required.[9]

The ability to enter into a registered partnership was closed off on 1 July 2022. No further partnerships are granted in Switzerland, and couples may retain their status as registered partners or convert their union into a recognized marriage.

Adoption and parenting

[edit]

Article 27 of the partnership law addresses the rights and responsibilities concerning a partner's child. It states that the partner of the biological or adoptive parent must provide financial support to their partner's child and also possesses the full legal authority to represent the child in every matter as being the parent's partner. Additionally, in the case of a partnership dissolution, the ex-partner has the right to keep close ties with the child.[10] This gives couples a real role in being parents. In 2010, Swiss LGBT organisations started a petition, "Same Chances For All Families", demanding more adoption rights. On 30 September 2011, the National Council considered the petition but ultimately voted 83–97 against it.[11] However, the debate and close vote provided a view on how attitudes on the issue had changed, as for example, Maja Ingold, MP for the Evangelical People's Party, spoke for more recognition of gay and lesbian parents, although her party had campaigned against the registered partnership law in 2005. It became clear that, while there was no majority for full joint adoption, allowing adoption of the partner's child (i.e. stepchild adoption) could gather majority support in Parliament.

The Council of States accepted the petition and the Legal Affairs Committee approved a motion from MP Claude Janiak backing the right to full joint adoption regardless of marital status or sexual orientation. In November 2011, the committee voted unanimously in favour, including members of the conservative Swiss People's Party.[12] In February 2012, the Federal Council responded by informing the Council of States that they were in favour of stepchild adoption but against full joint adoption rights.[13] On 14 March 2012, the Council of States approved 21–19 the full extension of adoption rights to same-sex couples regardless of marital status or sexual orientation.[14] As the National Council had originally voted against it in September 2011, the bill had to be voted on again by the chamber, which did so on 13 December 2012, as it voted 113–64 to grant a person in a registered partnership the right to adopt biological or adopted children that their partner had before the start of the partnership.[15] However, the motion granting full adoption rights approved by the Council of States was rejected by the National Council.[16] On 4 March 2013, the new version approved by the National Council on 13 December was accepted by the Council of States by a majority of 26–16.[17]

In November 2014, taking into account the parliamentary votes, the Federal Council approved allowing the adoption of the partner's child as part of a larger adoption reform.[18][19] The bill would permit registered partners and cohabiting couples, both same-sex and different-sex, to petition to adopt, and would also lower the minimum age to adopt from 35 to 28. The legislation had to be approved by Parliament, though opponents had already announced they would force an optional referendum.[20] For such a referendum to occur, citizens opposing the law had to gather 50,000 signatures within 100 days. In January 2016, the Council of States' Legal Affairs Committee voted 7 to 3 with one abstention to approve the bill.[21] On 8 March 2016, the Council of States voted 25–14 in favor.[22][23] Federal Councillor Simonetta Sommaruga expressed her support for the bill and argued that it was "necessary" to legally protect children already raised by same-sex couples. On 13 May 2016, the National Council's Legal Affairs Committee voted 15–9 to approve the bill.[24] The following day, it was approved by the National Council in a 113–64 vote.[25][26] Differing texts caused the two chambers to agree on a final, slightly modified version of the bill that was passed in Parliament on 17 June 2016 by a vote of 125–68 with 3 abstentions.[27][28] Following the final vote in Parliament, a referendum committee was established including members of several different political parties with the aim of forcing a referendum on the bill. No major party supported the committee.[29][30] On 4 October 2016, it was confirmed that the referendum would not take place as only 20,000 signatures had been collected.[31] The law took effect on 1 January 2018.[32][33]

Statistics

[edit]

The first same-sex partnership was registered on 2 January 2007 in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino.[7] By the end of June 2022, 12,332 same-sex partnerships had taken place in Switzerland.[34]

Registered partnerships in Switzerland by year
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022[a] Total
Female 573 271 284 221 246 267 230 270 261 227 306 275 225 265 221 65 4,237
Male 1,431 660 588 499 426 428 463 450 440 502 483 425 419 386 361 134 8,055
Total 2,004 931 872 720 672 695 693 720 701 729 789 700 674 651 582 199 12,332

Most partnerships were performed in the canton of Zurich at 3,786, followed by Vaud (1,350), Bern (1,271), Geneva (1,131), Aargau (655), Basel-Stadt (493), St. Gallen (426), Lucerne (412), Basel-Landschaft (404), Ticino (342), Fribourg (326), Valais (295), Solothurn (283), Thurgau (257), Neuchâtel (179), Zug (158), Schwyz (130), Grisons (129), Schaffhausen (88), Jura (55), Appenzell Ausserrhoden (46), Glarus (29), Nidwalden (28), Obwalden (24), Uri (22), and Appenzell Innerrhoden (13).[35]

Cantonal laws

[edit]
"Same-sex partnerships are allowed in Switzerland." Image from a 2016 Lucerne cantonal government publication for refugees

Cohabitation

[edit]

Certain Swiss cantonal constitutions recognise and guarantee the right to cohabit and to found a family outside of marriage for both different-sex and same-sex couples; these include among others the constitutions of Vaud,[36] Zurich,[37] Appenzell Ausserrhoden,[38] Basel-Stadt,[39] Bern,[40] Geneva,[41] Zug,[42] Schaffhausen,[43] and Fribourg.[44]

Registered partnerships

[edit]

The canton of Geneva has had a partnership law on a cantonal level since 2001. It grants unmarried couples, both same-sex and opposite-sex, many of the same rights, responsibilities and protections as married couples. However, it does not allow benefits in taxation, social security, or health insurance premiums (unlike the federal law). The law is based on the French civil solidarity pact.[45][46][47][48] In autumn 2016, the Department of Public Instruction of Geneva introduced new forms in schools allowing same-sex parents to be recognized; the previous forms with boxes for "father" and "mother" were replaced with two boxes listing "parents".[49]

On 22 September 2002, the canton of Zurich passed a same-sex partnership law by referendum (62.7% in favor) that goes further than Geneva's law, but requires couples to live together for six months before registering.[50]

In July 2004, the Grand Council of Neuchâtel passed a partnership law recognizing unmarried couples by 65 votes to 38. The law grants registered partners all the cantonal-level rights of marriage.[51][52] Registered partnerships for same-sex couples are recognized in the Constitution of Fribourg.[53] In May 2004, voters approved the Constitution with 58.03% in favor and 41.97% against.[54] It took effect on 1 January 2005. Article 14(2) states: "The right to register a partnership for same-sex couples is guaranteed".[b]

Marriage

[edit]

On 6 June 2016, the Cantonal Council of Zurich rejected by a vote of 110–52 a proposal that would have defined marriage as "a union between one man and one woman" in the Constitution of Zurich. The proposal, introduced by the Federal Democratic Union (EDU/UDF), sought to constitutionally ban same-sex marriage in the canton.[55][56] EDU and most members of the Swiss People's Party were in favor of the measure, while all other parties, including the Christian Democratic People's Party and the Evangelical People's Party, were opposed. The EDU subsequently gathered 6,000 signatures to force a cantonal referendum on the issue. The referendum took place on 27 November 2016, where the proposal was overwhelmingly rejected; 80.9% voted against it, while 19.1% voted in favor.[57] Voters in Zurich's Aussersihl and Industriequartier districts voted "No" by more than 92%.[58] All municipalities rejected the proposal.

Initiative «Schutz der Ehe»
Choice Votes %
Referendum failed No 319,501 80.91
Yes 75,362 19.09
Total votes 404,025 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 893,285 45.63%

Same-sex marriage

[edit]
Laws regarding same-sex partnerships in Europe¹
  Marriage
  Civil union
  Limited domestic recognition (cohabitation)
  Limited foreign recognition (residency rights)
  Unrecognized
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
¹ May include recent laws or court decisions that have not yet entered into effect.

In 2012, Parliament requested that the executive Swiss Federal Council examine how to update family law to reflect changes in society.[59] In March 2015, the Council released its governmental report about marriage and new rights for families, raising the possibility of the introduction of registered partnerships for straight couples and marriage for gay and lesbian couples.[60] Federal Councillor Simonetta Sommaruga, in charge of the Federal Department of Justice and Police, also stated she hoped that gay and lesbian couples would soon be allowed to marry.[61]

Political parties and support

[edit]

Same-sex marriage is supported by the Green Party (GPS/PES),[62] the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS), the Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL), the Swiss Party of Labour (PdA/PST-POP),[63] The Liberals (FDP/PLR),[64] The Centre (formed in 2021 by the merger of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC) and the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP/PBD)),[65][66][67] and Solidarity.[68] The Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), the Evangelical People's Party (EVP/PEV), the Ticino League and the Federal Democratic Union (EDU/UDF) are mostly opposed. In 2017, Gerhard Pfister said he believed that around two-thirds of Christian Democratic lawmakers opposed same-sex marriage. However, a 2019 survey showed that about 83% of CVP candidates running in the October 2019 federal election were in favour of same-sex marriage.[69] The same survey showed that 48% of SVP candidates were in favour. In April 2018, the women's wing of The Liberals voted by 56 votes to 2 to support same-sex marriage.[70] On 26 January 2019, the national Swiss People's Party adopted a new party programme. A proposal to strike the party's opposition to same-sex marriage was rejected by the delegates with a vote of 166 to 126.[71]

During a 2019 public consultation on the legalisation of same-sex marriage, the governments of Geneva, Vaud, Zurich, Bern,[72] Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Aargau, Luzern, Valais, Schaffhausen, Grisons, Ticino, Fribourg, Neuchâtel, St. Gallen, Solothurn, Jura, Glarus, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Zug, Uri and Thurgau expressed support for the opening of marriage to same-sex couples,[73][74][75][76][77] while the governments of Schwyz, Nidwalden, Appenzell Innerrhoden and Obwalden expressed opposition.[78][79][80] Several organisations and associations also came out in support, including LGBT and feminist groups, Operation Libero, the National Ethics Committee, ProFamilia CH, the Swiss Psychological Society, and religious groups such as the Old Catholic Church, the Protestant Church of Switzerland and the Swiss Federation of Jewish Communities. Opposition was found mainly among pro-life and religious groups, including the Episcopal Conference of Switzerland.[81]

On 15 August 2019, Gottfried Locher, president of the Protestant Church of Switzerland, declared his personal support for same-sex marriage.[82][83] In November 2019, the Protestant Church voted to support the opening of marriage to same-sex couples.[84][85] This followed a June 2019 statement from the church, "We are created by God. We cannot choose our sexual orientation. We perceive it as an expression of creative fullness."

[edit]

Signature gathering and approval

[edit]

In 2011, the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC) began gathering signatures for a popular initiative entitled "For the couple and the family - No to the penalty of marriage" (German: Für Ehe und Familie - gegen die Heiratsstrafe; French: Pour le couple et la famille - Non à la pénalisation du mariage; Italian: Per il matrimonio e la famiglia - No agli svantaggi per le coppie sposate; Romansh: Per la lètg e la famiglia - Na als dischavantatgs per pèrs maridads). This initiative sought to amend article 14 of the Swiss Federal Constitution to equalise fiscal rights and social security benefits between married couples and unmarried cohabiting couples. However, the text would have also introduced a definition of marriage for the first time, specifically the "sole union between a man and a woman".[86] Under Swiss law, cohabiting unmarried couples are entitled to two full pensions. However, the pension of married couples is limited to 150% of the maximum pension per person, meaning that if both partners earn relatively well during their working life, they receive only one and a half times the maximum pension instead of two full pensions.[87]

In November 2012, signature gathering ended and the initiative was submitted. The Federal Council reviewed the initiative and decided to support it, formally asking Parliament in October 2013 to recommend that voters approve the initiative.[88] On 10 December 2014, the National Council discussed the initiative. The Greens proposed to amend the bill stating that "any forms of unions" could not be penalised and the Green Liberals proposed to amend the bill so that "marriage and all the other forms of union defined by the law" could not be penalised.[89] The debate opposed mainly the Swiss People's Party and the Christian Democrats to the Green Liberals, the Greens, the Social Democrats and the Conservative Democrats. The Liberals were mostly divided on the issue.[90] The Swiss People's Party and the Christian Democrats stated their opposition to "any form of homophobia". On the other hand, the opposing parties highlighted the discrimination that would be introduced by the initiative and called for a future definition of marriage that would include same-sex couples. Some MPs called the Christian Democrats a "retrograde" party.[91]

After having rejected both counter-propositions from the Greens and the Green Liberals, the National Council finally approved a suggestion from the Commission for Economic Affairs and Taxation, which retained the spirit of the initiative but removed the definition of marriage as exclusively between a man and a woman. This counter-proposition was approved 102–86, thus rejecting the popular initiative and recommending to the Swiss electorate to reject the initiative and accept the counter-proposition.[92] The Council of States approved the counter-proposition on 4 March 2015 in a 24–19 vote.[93] The debate in the upper house also mainly focused on the definition of marriage, though the idea of equal fiscal rights and equal social security benefits between married couples and unmarried cohabiting couples was unopposed.[94] A few Liberal members changed their mind, and the counter-proposition was rejected in the Council of States in a later vote. A subsequent conciliation conference in June 2015 of both chambers of Parliament decided to recommend rejecting the original initiative.[95] On 19 June 2015, the formal order of Parliament recommending voters to reject the initiative was published.[96] On 17 November 2015, the Federal Council also recommended rejecting the initiative. It had supported the initiative two years earlier, but now was obliged to change its position because Parliament was opposed.[97][98]

Referendum

[edit]

The Christian Democrats' proposal was put to a referendum on 28 February 2016,[99] with voters deciding whether to define marriage as a "durable cohabitation of a man and a woman" that "must not be disadvantaged in comparison of other lifestyles",[100] thus prohibiting same-sex marriage in the Swiss Federal Constitution. Amongst parliamentary parties, the Christian Democrats (apart from the Young Christian Democrats of Zurich and Geneva, which had declared opposition to the initiative of their parent party),[101][102] the national-conservative Swiss People's Party and the conservative Evangelical People's Party campaigned for a "Yes" vote. Meanwhile, the Social Democrats, the Liberals, the Greens, the Conservative Democrats and the Green Liberals opposed the text and campaigned for a "No" vote, along with Amnesty International, Economiesuisse, the Swiss Federation of Trade Unions and Operation Libero. A month before the vote, various polls showed 67% support (22 January 2016) and 53% support (17 February 2016).[103] On 28 February 2016, the initiative was rejected by 50.8% of voters, with 1,609,328 in favor and 1,664,217 against, a margin of 54,979 votes. The majority of the cantons approved the initiative (16.5 to 6.5), with the cantons of Geneva, Vaud, Bern, Zurich, Grisons, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft and Appenzell Ausserrhoden opposing the initiative.[104]

During the referendum campaign, the Swiss Government informed voters that about 80,000 married couples were paying more tax than unmarried cohabiting couples,[105] but later admitted that the true figure was almost half a million. The Christian Democratic Party filed a complaint in June 2018.[106] On 10 April 2019, the referendum was declared invalid by the Federal Supreme Court, which ordered a re-vote.[107] Days later, it was reported that a majority of the parliamentary bloc of the Christian Democratic Party opposed the initiative in its current form and wanted the definition of marriage to be removed. According to the Tages-Anzeiger, the party was hoping that the Parliament would propose an alternative measure to eliminate the tax discrimination against married couples, so the party could withdraw its initiative without losing face.[108][109][110][111][112][113]

It was subsequently reported that the referendum would not be rerun as the Federal Council could either set a date for a new referendum, or establish a new law to go through the Federal Parliament. In the latter scenario, the Christian Democrats would have had the opportunity to withdraw their initiative, which was the party's preferred option. The vice-president of the party, Charles Juillard, said, "The party is ready to withdraw its initiative if the Federal Council puts an end to the tax penalty of marriage and the discrimination of spouses vis-à-vis the AVS [Old-age and survivors' insurance]."[114][115] In early January 2020, the party chose to withdraw its initiative and announced it would begin collecting signatures for a second popular initiative. This initiative would again seek to equalise fiscal rights and social security benefits between married couples and unmarried cohabiting couples, but, unlike the previous one, it would not introduce a specific definition of marriage.[116]

Parliamentary initiative "Marriage for All"

[edit]
The Federal Palace in Bern houses the Swiss Federal Assembly.

Parliamentary deliberations

[edit]

The first legislative proposal to legalise same-sex marriage was introduced by Greens MP Ruth Genner in December 1998. The National Council tabled the measure in December 1999.[117]

In December 2013, the Green Liberal Party submitted a parliamentary initiative, "Marriage for All" (German: Ehe für alle, pronounced [ˈeːɛ fyːr ˈalɛ]; French: Mariage pour tous, pronounced [maʁjaʒ puʁ tus]; Italian: Matrimonio per tutti,[118] pronounced [matriˈmɔːnjo per ˈtutti]; Romansh: Lètg per tuts,[119] pronounced [lɛtɕ pɛr tuts]), for a constitutional amendment to legalise same-sex marriage.[120][121] On 20 February 2015, the Committee for Legal Affairs of the National Council voted to proceed with the initiative, by 12 votes to 9 with 1 abstention.[122] A petition supporting the measure was launched in May 2015. The signatures were submitted to the Legal Affairs Committee of the Council of States before it discussed the proposal, hoping to persuade the committee members to support it.[123][124] On 1 September 2015, the committee voted by 7 votes to 5 to proceed with the initiative.[125] The National Council's Legal Affairs Committee was then tasked to draft an act within two years (per Article 111 of the Constitution), i.e. by 2017. However, due to the complexity of the legal reform, it proposed on 11 May 2017 to extend the initiative's deadline by another two years (i.e. by 2019) and ask the government administration for further study of the issue.[126][127] A minority consisting of the Swiss People's Party wanted to block the initiative. On 16 June 2017, the National Council voted by 118–71 in favour of the committee's proposal to extend the deadline to 2019.[128][129][130]

The Legal Affairs Committee published its report on 17 May 2018, the International Day Against Homophobia. The committee recommended amending the Swiss Civil Code to remove the heterosexual definition of marriage and insert a gender-neutral definition. It also recommended amendments to the 1953 civil registration law, which defined marriage as being "between a man and a woman", as well as to other laws, including laws relating to naturalisation.[131][132][133] According to the committee and the Federal Department of Justice and Police, the proposal would automatically legalise joint adoption by married same-sex couples. As such, the committee recommended no changes to adoption law, which allows married couples to adopt without explicitly defining the term "marriage".[134] On 6 July 2018, the committee voted against rejecting the initiative altogether, by 18–1, and subsequently voted to recommend the Federal Parliament to approve the initiative by 14 votes to 11. The committee concluded that the legalisation of same-sex marriage did not require amending the Swiss Federal Constitution, and that it could be achieved through changes to statutory law. Therefore, the Swiss electorate would not necessarily be called to vote on the initiative (though opponents could still force a referendum on the issue, which would require a simple majority of those voting to succeed). Despite opposition from LGBT groups,[135] the committee decided not to include the right of lesbian couples to access assisted reproductive technology so that the initiative would have a higher chance of approval.[136][137][138] In early July 2018, Operation Libero began collecting signatures in favour of same-sex marriage to persuade Parliament to legalise it, collecting 30,000 signatures within a week.[135]

On 14 February 2019, the committee approved the bill to allow same-sex marriage by 19 to 4 with one abstention. It was sent out for public consultation. The bill would end registered partnerships, and couples would be able to convert their partnership into marriage.[139][140][141][142] The consultation started on 14 March and lasted until 21 June 2019.[143][144] It showed wide support for the legalisation of same-sex marriage among all main political parties,[145] with the exception of the Swiss People's Party, and among 22 of the 26 cantonal governments.[146]

In January 2020, the Federal Council expressed its support for the same-sex marriage bill.[147] On 11 June 2020, the National Council approved the bill with amendments allowing access to fertility treatments for lesbian couples in a 132–52 vote.[148][149][150][151][152] The bill was supported by the Social Democrats, the Liberals, the Greens, the Green Liberals and the Conservative Democrats, while the Swiss People's Party was mostly opposed. The Christian Democrats announced they would support the bill if access to fertility treatments for lesbian couples was excluded.[153] The bill passed the Council of States on 1 December 2020 with some minor amendments concerning fertility treatments, by a vote of 22–15 with 7 abstentions. It narrowly defeated, 22 to 20, a motion that would have required a constitutional amendment (which would have delayed the bill by years and mandated a referendum requiring a double majority of the people and the cantons).[154] On 9 December, the National Council approved the changes made by the Council of States by 133 votes to 57 with 1 abstention.[155][156][157] The final vote in both chambers took place on 18 December 2020. The Council of States approved the bill by 24 votes to 11 with 7 abstentions,[158] and the National Council approved it by 136 votes to 48 with 9 abstentions.[159]

18 December 2020 vote in the National Council[160]
Party Voted for Voted against Abstained Absent (Did not vote)
  Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC)
14
  • Céline Amaudruz
  • Martina Bircher
  • Lars Guggisberg
  • Diana Gutjahr
  • Thomas Hurter
  • Christian Imark
  • Jacques Nicolet
  • Pierre-André Page
  • Nadja Pieren
  • Lukas Reimann
  • Sandra Sollberger-Muff
  • Barbara Steinemann
  • Hans-Ueli Vogt
  • Walter Wobmann
33
  • Jean-Luc Addor
  • Thomas Aeschi
  • Roland Büchel
  • Thomas Burgherr
  • Thomas de Courten
  • Marcel Dettling
  • Yvette Estermann
  • Andrea Geissbühler
  • Benjamin Giezendanner
  • Andreas Glarner
  • Jean-Pierre Grin-Hofmann
  • Frank Grüter
  • Martin Haab
  • Stefanie Heimgartner
  • Verena Herzog
  • Erich Hess
  • Alois Huber
  • Peter Keller
  • Roger Köppel
  • Piero Marchesi
  • Thomas Matter
  • Yves Nidegger
  • Albert Rösti
  • Monika Rüegger
  • Franz Ruppen
  • Gregor Rutz
  • Therese Schläpfer
  • Pirmin Schwander
  • Manuel Strupler
  • Mauro Tuena
  • Erich von Siebenthal
  • Bruno Walliser
  • David Zuberbühler
5
  • Michaël Buffat
  • Mike Egger
  • Esther Friedli
  • Alfred Heer
  • Magdalena Martullo-Blocher
1
  Social Democratic Party (SP/PS)
36
  • Matthias Aebischer
  • Mustafa Atici
  • Jacqueline Badran
  • Samuel Bendahan
  • Prisca Birrer-Heimo
  • Brigitte Crottaz
  • Christian Dandrès
  • Laurence Fehlmann Rielle
  • Yvonne Feri
  • Pierre-Alain Fridez
  • Claudia Friedl
  • Edith Graf-Litscher
  • Barbara Gysi
  • Baptiste Hurni
  • Beat Jans
  • Sandra Locher Benguerel
  • Pierre-Yves Maillard
  • Ada Marra
  • Min Li Marti
  • Samira Marti
  • Mattea Meyer
  • Fabian Molina
  • Martina Munz
  • Roger Nordmann
  • Eric Nussbaumer
  • Valérie Piller Carrard
  • Jon Pult
  • Mathias Reynard
  • Franziska Roth
  • Ursula Schneider Schüttel
  • Prisca Seiler Graf
  • Bruno Storni
  • Gabriela Suter
  • Flavia Wasserfallen
  • Cédric Wermuth
  • Céline Widmer
 – –
3
  FDP. The Liberals (FDP/PLR)
29
  • Frédéric Borloz
  • Jacques Bourgeois
  • Rocco Cattaneo
  • Damien Cottier
  • Simone de Montmollin
  • Jacqueline de Quattro
  • Marcel Dobler
  • Christoph Eymann
  • Alex Farinelli
  • Olivier Feller
  • Doris Fiala
  • Kurt Fluri
  • Anna Giacometti
  • Petra Gössi
  • Matthias Jauslin
  • Christian Lüscher
  • Christa Markwalder
  • Isabelle Moret
  • Philippe Nantermod
  • Hans-Peter Portmann
  • Maja Riniker
  • Regine Sauter
  • Daniela Schneeberger
  • Andri Silberschmidt
  • Susanne Vincenz-Stauffacher
  • Albert Vitali
  • Beat Walti
  • Christian Wassfallen
  • Laurent Wehrli
 – – –
  Green Party (GPS/PES)
28
  • Gerhard Andrey
  • Sibel Arslan
  • Christine Badertscher
  • Kilian Baumann
  • Daniel Brélaz
  • Florence Brenzikofer
  • Christophe Clivaz
  • Kurt Egger
  • Fabien Fivaz
  • Bastien Girod
  • Balthasar Glättli
  • Greta Gysin
  • Irène Kälin
  • Delphine Klopfenstein Broggini
  • Sophie Michaud Gigon
  • Isabelle Pasquier-Eichenberger
  • Léonore Porchet
  • Katharina Precliz-Huber
  • Valentine Python
  • Franziska Ryser
  • Regula Rytz
  • Marionna Schlatter
  • Meret Schneider
  • Michael Töngi
  • Aline Trede
  • Nicolas Walder
  • Manuela Weichelt-Picard
  • Felix Wettstein
 – – –
  Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC)
9
  • Marianne Binder-Keller
  • Ida Glanzmann-Hunkeler
  • Philipp Kutter
  • Vincent Maitre
  • Stefan Müller-Altermatt
  • Marie-France Roth Pasquier
  • Elisabeth Schneider-Schneiter
  • Simon Stadler
  • Priska Wismer-Felder
11
  • Philipp Matthias Bregy
  • Martin Candinas
  • Alois Gmür
  • Jean-Paul Gschwind
  • Sidney Kamerzin
  • Christian Lohr
  • Leo Müller
  • Thomas Rechsteiner
  • Fabio Regazzi
  • Benjamin Roduit
  • Marco Romano
4
1
  • Christine Bulliard-Marbach
  Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL)
15
  • Martin Bäumle
  • Judith Bellaïche
  • Kathrin Bertschy
  • Thomas Brunner
  • Isabelle Chevalley
  • Katja Christ
  • Roland Fischer
  • Beat Flach
  • Corina Gredig
  • Jörg Mäder
  • Michel Matter
  • Melanie Mettler
  • Tiana Angelina Moser
  • François Pointet
  • Barbara Schaffner
 – –
1
  • Jürg Grossen
  Conservative Democratic Party (BDP/PBD)
3
 – – –
  Evangelical People's Party (EVP/PEV) –
3
 – –
  Federal Democratic Union (EDU/UDF) –
1
  • Andreas Gafner
 – –
  Solidarity (solidaritéS) – – –
1
  • Stefania Prezioso
  Swiss Party of Labour (PdA/PST-POP)
1
  • Denis de la Reussille
 – – –
  Ticino League (Lega)
1
  • Lorenzo Quadri
 – – –
Total 136 48 9 7
68.0% 24.0% 4.5% 3.5%
18 December 2020 vote in the Council of States[161]
Party Voted for Voted against Abstained Absent (Did not vote)
  Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC)
4
  • Erich Ettlin (OW)
  • Andrea Gmür-Schönenberger (LU)
  • Brigitte Häberli-Koller (TG)
  • Charles Juillard (JU)
5
  • Stefan Engler (GR)
  • Daniel Fässler (AI)
  • Peter Hegglin (ZG)
  • Marianne Maret (VS)
  • Beat Rieder (VS)
3
  • Pirmin Bischof (SO)
  • Benedikt Würth (SG)
  • Heidi Z'graggen (UR)
1
  • Othmar Reichmuth (SZ)
  FDP. The Liberals (FDP/PLR)
7
  • Philippe Bauer (NE)
  • Thierry Burkart (AG)
  • Andrea Caroni (AR)
  • Olivier Français (VD)
  • Johanna Gapany (FR)
  • Matthias Michel (ZG)
  • Damian Müller (LU)
 –
4
  • Josef Dittli (UR)
  • Thomas Hefti (GL)
  • Martin Schmid (GR)
  • Hans Wicki (NW)
1
  Social Democratic Party (SP/PS)
9
 – – –
  Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) –
5
 –
1
  Green Party (GPS/PES)
4
 – –
1
  • Céline Vara (NE)
  Independent –
1
 – –
Total 24 11 7 4
52.2% 23.9% 15.2% 8.7%

Referendum

[edit]
Main article: 2021 Swiss same-sex marriage referendum
Results of the 2021 same-sex marriage referendum by canton, 26 September 2021

In Switzerland's system of semi-direct democracy, a statute is subject to a popular referendum if opponents collect 50,000 signatures demanding one within three months. The right-wing Federal Democratic Union, supported by politicians from the Swiss People's Party and the Christian Democratic People's Party,[162] collected 61,027 signatures with the slogan "Yes to marriage and family, no to marriage for everyone".[163] The Federal Chancellery validated the signatures on 27 April. In response to the announcement that opponents had gathered the necessary signatures, Operation Libero collected more than 100,000 signatures in support of same-sex marriage by late April 2021.[164]

The referendum, in which passage of the bill required a simple majority of the popular vote,[165] took place on Sunday, 26 September 2021.[166][167] 64.1% of voters and all cantons supported the amendment. The vote made Switzerland the 30th country to introduce same-sex marriage, and one of the last in Western Europe.[168][169]

Amendment to the Swiss Civil Code (Marriage for All)[170][171]
Choice Votes %
Referendum passed Yes 1,828,642 64.10
No 1,024,307 35.90
Valid votes 2,852,949 98.27
Invalid or blank votes 50,279 1.73
Total votes 2,903,228 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 5,519,168 52.60

Federal Councillor Karin Keller-Sutter announced in a press conference later that Sunday evening that the legislation adopted in the referendum would enter into force on 1 July 2022.[172] The first weddings of same-sex couples took place on that date.[173][174]

The legislation amended article 94 of the Swiss Civil Code to read:

  • in German: Die Ehe kann von zwei Personen eingegangen werden, die das 18. Altersjahr zurückgelegt haben und urteilsfähig sind.
  • in French: Le mariage peut être contracté par deux personnes âgées de 18 ans révolus et capables de discernement.
  • in Italian: Per contrarre matrimonio, gli sposi devono aver compiuto il diciottesimo anno d'età ed essere capaci di discernimento.
  • in Romansh: Pudair maridar pon duas persunas che han cumplenì il 18avel onn da vegliadetgna e ch'èn ablas da giuditgar.
(To be able to marry, the prospective spouses must have reached 18 years of age and have the capacity of judgement.)

Provisions of the same-sex marriage law relating to the recognition of foreign marriages came into force on 1 January 2022. Same-sex couples who have married abroad will now have their union recognized as a marriage rather than a registered partnership.[175]

Impact

[edit]

A 2024 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America showed that LGBT people experienced a notable increase in biological stress levels (i.e. cortisol and cortisone levels) during the 2021 marriage referendum campaign. These effects were, however, moderated by exposure to the "yes campaign".[176][177]

Marriage statistics

[edit]

778 same-sex marriages were performed in Switzerland in 2022, with most being performed in the Zurich, Lake Geneva and Espace Mittelland regions.[178]

Marriages in Switzerland[179]
Year Same-sex marriages Conversions from
partnerships 		Opposite-sex
marriages 		Total marriages
Male Female Total
2022 417 361 778 2,231 37,929 40,938
2023 491 458 949 799 36,015 37,763

Religious performance

[edit]

Same-sex marriage remains a controversial topic among Switzerland's largest religious organisations: the Protestant Church and the Roman Catholic Church. The Catholic Church does not permit same-sex marriages in its places of worship, while most member churches of the Protestant Church allow their clergy to officiate at same-sex marriages. Some smaller religious denominations also permit same-sex marriages, including Quakers,[180] and the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, which voted in August 2020 to allow its priests to perform same-sex marriages.[181][182] The measure went into force on 1 July 2022, the same day same-sex marriage became legal in Switzerland.[183] The Church has also allowed its priests to bless same-sex partnerships since 2007.[184] The Federation of Evangelical Lutheran Churches in Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein does not perform same-sex marriages, but its Geneva church has offered blessings of same-sex partnerships since 2004.[185] The Swiss Federation of Jewish Communities, an umbrella organisation representing a majority of Switzerland's Jewish communities, voted to support civil same-sex marriage in 2019 as a matter of "personal freedom and individual autonomy", while also concluding that a Jewish religious marriage was only "between a man and a woman".[186]

In 2019, the Protestant Church voted to support the opening of civil marriage to same-sex couples, with its executive council voting 45–10 in favor.[187][84] A majority of member churches allow same-sex marriages to be blessed in their places of worship, including the Reformed Church of Aargau (2022),[188] the Evangelical-Reformed Church of Appenzell (2022),[188] the Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton Basel-Landschaft (2022),[189] the Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton Basel-Stadt (2022),[189] the Reformed Churches of the Canton Bern-Jura-Solothurn (2023),[190][191] the Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton Freiburg (2022),[189][192] the Protestant Church of Geneva (2022),[189] the Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of Glarus (2022),[188] the Evangelical-Reformed Church of Graubünden (2022),[189] the Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Lucerne (2022),[189] the Reformed Church of the Canton of Neuchâtel (2022),[193] the Evangelical-Reformed Church of Nidwalden (2022),[189][194] the Association of Evangelical-Reformed Churches in the Canton of Obwalden (2022),[189] the Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of St. Gallen (2022),[189] the Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Schaffhausen (2022),[189] the Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of Schwyz (2022),[189] the Evangelical Church of the Canton of Thurgau (2022),[188] the Evangelical Reformed Church of Ticino (2022),[189][195] the Evangelical Reformed Church in Valais (2022),[188] the Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Vaud (2022),[196][197][198] the Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Zürich (2022),[189][199] and the Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of Zug (2022).[189] Pastors are under no obligation to bless same-sex unions if this would contravene their personal beliefs. Some other member churches, including the Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of Solothurn,[200][201] the Evangelical Free Church of Geneva and the Evangelical-Reformed Church of Uri, do not allow their clergy to bless same-sex marriages.[189]

The Catholic Church opposes same-sex marriage and does not allow its clergy to officiate at such marriages. In October 2014, a Catholic priest blessed a same-sex union in Bürglen.[202] The priest subsequently gave a public apology.[203] In June 2019, the Swiss Union of Catholic Women voted to support the introduction of civil same-sex marriage.[204] In September 2019, Bishop of Basel Felix Gmür announced that the diocese would conduct blessings for same-sex unions "as long as the rites differ from marriage ceremonies".[205] In May 2021, the Catholic News Agency reported that Catholic churches in Zurich had joined churches in many German cities in blessing same-sex couples, in ceremonies known as "blessing services for lovers".[206] In December 2023, the Holy See published Fiducia supplicans, a declaration allowing Catholic priests to bless couples who are not considered to be married according to church teaching, including the blessing of same-sex couples.[207] The Swiss Bishops' Conference released a statement on 19 December that "[t]he declaration Fiducia supplicans testifies that the Church offers a place to all human beings. The bishops are aware that such a Church presupposes acceptance and mutual respect."[208]

Public opinion

[edit]

According to an Ifop poll conducted in May 2013, 63% of the Swiss public supported allowing same-sex couples to marry and adopt children.[209] After the Legal Affairs Committee's decision to approve same-sex marriage, two opinion polls released on 22 February 2015 showed support of 54% (Léger for Blick)[210] and 71% (gfs group for the SonntagsZeitung)[211] for allowing same-sex couples to marry and adopt children.

A poll carried out between April and May 2016 showed that 69% of the Swiss population supported same-sex marriage, 25% opposed and 6% were unsure. 94% of Green voters, 59% of Swiss People's Party voters and 63% of Christian Democratic voters were in favor of same-sex marriage.[212][213] A poll conducted by Tamedia on 5 and 6 December 2017 found that 45% of respondents supported both same-sex marriage and adoption, 27% supported only same-sex marriage, 3% supported only same-sex adoption and 24% were against both.[214] The poll thus found a 72% majority in favour of same-sex marriage. Green, Social Democratic and Green Liberal voters were the most supportive: 88% in favour, 9% against and 3% undecided. 76% of Liberal voters supported the legalisation of same-sex marriage, while 22% opposed it, and 66% of Christian Democratic voters and 56% of Swiss People's Party voters supported same-sex marriage.[215]

A Pew Research Center poll, conducted between April and August 2017 and published in May 2018, showed that 75% of Swiss people supported same-sex marriage, 24% were opposed and 1% did not know or had refused to answer.[216] When divided by religion, 89% of religiously unaffiliated people, 80% of non-practicing Christians and 58% of church-attending Christians supported same-sex marriage.[217] Opposition was 16% among 18–34-year-olds.[218]

A public consultation held between March and June 2019 showed wide societal and political support for same-sex marriage in Switzerland. 83% of the participants to the consultation expressed support, and 63% expressed support for sperm donation and access to artificial insemination for lesbian couples.[219]

A February 2020 survey, conducted by the gfs group and requested by Pink Cross, found an 81% majority in favour of same-sex marriage (63% "strongly" supporting and 18% "somewhat" supporting), whereas 18% were opposed (10% "strongly" and 8% "somewhat") and 1% was undecided. By party, 96% of Greens, 92% of Social Democrats and Green Liberals, 77% of Liberals and 67% of Swiss People's Party voters supported same-sex marriage.[220] Adoption was supported by 67% of respondents and access to fertility treatments for lesbian couples by 66%.[221] In November 2020, another poll conducted by the gfs group found that 82% of respondents "strongly" or "somewhat" supported same-sex marriage, 17% were opposed and 1% were undecided; 72% supported adoption and 70% supported access to fertility treatments for lesbian couples.[222]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ until 30 June
  2. ^ French: Le droit d'enregistrer un partenariat pour les couples de même sexe est garanti.
    German: Das Recht zur Eintragung einer Partnerschaft für gleichgeschlechtliche Paare ist gewährleistet.
  3. ^ a b The presidents of the National Council and the Council of States vote only in case of a tied vote in the chamber.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Vote sur la loi fédérale sur le partenariat enregistré entre personnes du même sexe, Conseil national, Session d'hiver 2003". Swiss Parliament (in French). Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  2. ^ "Parliament gives green light to "gay marriages"". swissinfo.ch. 3 December 2003. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
  3. ^ "Parliament gives its blessing to gay couples". swissinfo.ch. 3 June 2004. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
  4. ^ "Fight goes on for gay couples". swissinfo.ch. 10 June 2004. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
  5. ^ "Government presses for gay-couple rights". swissinfo.ch. 22 April 2005. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
  6. ^ "Gay couples win partnership rights". swissinfo.ch. 5 June 2005. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
  7. ^ a b "First same-sex union registered in Switzerland". SWI swissinfo.ch. 2 January 2007. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  8. ^ Official results Archived 26 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Swiss Federal Chancellery, 17 August 2005
  9. ^ sda: Auch Homosexuelle können Pensionskasse erben, NZZ online, 4. September 2008 (über das Urteil 9 C 874/2007 vom 20. August 2008; keine BGE-Publikation).
  10. ^ (in French) Article 27: «Partner's children» Archived 10 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ (in French) Le National ne veut pas voir les couples homosexuels adopter Archived 31 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Swissinfo, accessed on 15 December 2012
  12. ^ (in French) Coup de pouce des Sénateurs à l'adoption Archived 22 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, 360, accessed on 15 December 2012
  13. ^ "Schweizer Regierung gegen Adoptionsrecht für Homo-Paare". Queer.de. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  14. ^ (in French) Le Conseil des Etats accepte l'adoption des couples homosexuels Archived 12 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Le Matin
  15. ^ Swiss lawmakers vote to allow some gays to adopt Archived 26 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine, France24, 15 December 2012
  16. ^ Rainbow families: Gays granted more adoption rights Archived 12 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Swissinfo, 15 December 2012
  17. ^ Motion CAJ-CE. Droit de l'adoption. Mêmes chances pour toutes les familles Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Council of States, retrieved on 21 April 2013
  18. ^ "Suisse: Le gouvernement propose d'ouvrir l'adoption aux couples de même sexe". Yagg. 2 December 2014. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  19. ^ "Bundesrat will Stiefkindadoption ermöglichen". Queer.ch. 28 November 2014. Archived from the original on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  20. ^ "Adoption: les opposants en ordre de bataille". 360.ch. 7 September 2014. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  21. ^ "Ständeratskommission befürwortet Adoptionen". Queer.ch. 12 January 2016. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  22. ^ "Switzerland takes step towards adoption equality". The Local. 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  23. ^ "Homosexuelle sollen Stiefkinder adoptieren dürfen". Tages-Anzeiger (in German). 8 March 2016. Archived from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  24. ^ "Nationalratskommission für Adoptionsrecht". Queer.de. 13 May 2016. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  25. ^ "Schweiz: Stiefkindadoption wird Gesetz". Männer. 14 May 2016. Archived from the original on 15 May 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  26. ^ "Oui à l'adoption par le conjoint de même sexe" (in French). 360°. 14 May 2016. Archived from the original on 18 July 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  27. ^ "Swiss Parliament votes in favor of stepchild adoption" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
  28. ^ Touzain, François (17 June 2016). ""Oui" final à la réforme de l'adoption" (in French). 360°. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
  29. ^ (in French) Le référendum contre la réforme du droit d'adoption n'aboutira pas Archived 12 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ^ Goumaz, Magalie (8 June 2016). "Le référendum se précise contre l'adoption par les couples homosexuels". Le Temps (in French). Archived from the original on 1 September 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  31. ^ (in French) Echec du référendum contre l'homoparentalité Archived 10 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ "Stepchild adoption will be possible from 2018". Swissinfo. 10 July 2017. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  33. ^ "Le nouveau droit de l'adoption entrera en vigueur le 1er janvier 2018". www.admin.ch (in French). Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  34. ^ "Registered same-sex partnerships". Swiss Confederation. Archived from the original on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  35. ^ "Partenariats enregistrés et dissous selon le sexe et le canton, 2007-2019". Office fédéral de la statistique (in French). 25 June 2020. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  36. ^ (in French) Constitution du canton de Vaud Archived 3 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ (in German) Verfassung des Kantons Zürich Archived 30 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  38. ^ (in German) Verfassung des Kantons Appenzell Ausserrhoden Archived 24 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  39. ^ (in German) Verfassung des Kantons Basel-Stadt Archived 30 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  40. ^ (in German) Verfassung des Kantons Bern Archived 30 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  41. ^ (in French) Constitution de la République et canton de Genève Archived 12 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  42. ^ (in German) Verfassung des Kantons Zug Archived 2 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  43. ^ (in German) Verfassung des Kantons Schaffhausen Archived 12 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  44. ^ (in German) Verfassung des Kantons Freiburg Archived 14 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ "Homosexuals a step closer to equal rights". swissinfo.ch. 16 February 2001. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
  46. ^ "Switzerland's first "gay marriages" take place in Geneva". swissinfo.ch. 8 May 2001. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  47. ^ "Registered partnerships and same-sex marriage in Switzerland". Religious Tolerance. Archived from the original on 13 January 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  48. ^ "Loi sur le partenariat". ge.ch (in French). Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  49. ^ "Fiches Inclusives Pour Les Familles Arc-en-ciel". 360.ch (in French). 4 October 2016. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  50. ^ "Zurich grants gay couples more rights". swissinfo.ch. 22 September 2002. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
  51. ^ "Loi sur le partenariat enregistré". rsn.ne.ch (in French). Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  52. ^ (in French) Le pacs gagne du terrain Archived 2015-09-06 at the Wayback Machine
  53. ^ "Constitution du canton de Fribourg" (PDF) (in French). Canton of Fribourg. 16 May 2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2016. Article 14
  54. ^ "La nouvelle Constitution du canton de Fribourg a été adoptée par le peuple fribourgeois". fr.ch (in French). Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  55. ^ Touzain, François (7 June 2016). ""Défense du mariage" fait un flop au Parlement zurichois" (in French). 360°. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  56. ^ Chatain, Jean-Baptiste (7 June 2016). "CANTON DE ZURICH - Rejet d'une initiative contre le mariage homosexuel" (in French). Lepetitjournal.com. Archived from the original on 31 October 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  57. ^ (in German) Keine Definition der Ehe zwischen Mann und Frau in der Verfassung Archived 15 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  58. ^ (in French) Mariage pour tous: "non" à la contre-attaque de l'UDF zurichoise Archived 18 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  59. ^ 12.3607 Postulat: Code civil. Pour un droit de la famille moderne et cohérent Archived 9 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Swiss Parliament
  60. ^ (in French) Rapport du Conseil fédéral - Modernisation du droit de la famille Archived 11 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Federal Department of Justice and Police, retrieved on 27 May 2015
  61. ^ (in French) Sommaruga espère que les homosexuels pourront bientôt se marier Archived 1 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine, L'Hebdo, retrieved on 27 May 2015
  62. ^ (in French) Green Party - Equality Policy Archived 2011-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
  63. ^ Les positions du PST/POP par rapport aux votations du 28 février 2016 Archived 12 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine Dans son programme électoral de 2015, le PST/POP revendique le droit de mariage pour tous les couples.
  64. ^ "FDP begrüsst die Öffnung der Ehe für alle". Presseportal Schweiz (in German). 15 June 2019. Archived from the original on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
  65. ^ "CVP öffnet sich für die Homo-Ehe". 20 Minuten (in German). 14 April 2019. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  66. ^ "CVP befürwortet Homo-Ehe". www.telezueri.ch. 14 April 2019. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  67. ^ "So tickt der neue Nationalrat". SRF (in German). 21 October 2019. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  68. ^ "L'ÉGALITÉ MAINTENANT! Le premier mariage homo de Suisse a été célébré par soliaritéS!". solidarites.ch (in French). 18 May 2018. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  69. ^ "Mehrheit der CVP-Politiker für Ehe für alle". toponline.ch (in German). 25 August 2019. Archived from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  70. ^ (in German) FDP-Frauen für "Ehe für alle", Luzerner Zeitung, 21 April 2018 Archived 25 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  71. ^ "SVP verabschiedet neues Parteiprogramm". Bluewin. 26 January 2019. Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  72. ^ "Berner Regierung begrüsst "Ehe für alle"". Bluewin.ch (in German). 20 June 2019. Archived from the original on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
  73. ^ "13.468 n Parlamentarische Initiative Fraktion GL. Ehe für alle; Vernehmlassung" (PDF). parliamen.ch. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  74. ^ "Positions of the Swiss cantons on same-sex marriage" (in French). Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  75. ^ "St.Galler Regierung will Ehe für alle". FM1 Today (in German). 5 June 2019. Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  76. ^ "Schaffhausen sagt Ja zur Ehe für alle". Schaffhauser Nachrichten (in German). 4 June 2019. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  77. ^ "Thurgauer Regierungsrat befürwortet Ehe für alle". St. Galler Tagblatt (in German). 20 June 2019. Archived from the original on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
  78. ^ "Ehe für alle: Obwaldner Regierung lehnt Initiative ab". Luzerner Zeitung (in German). 24 June 2019. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  79. ^ "Ehe für alle: Obwaldner Regierung lehnt Initiative ab". St. Galler Tagblatt (in German). 24 June 2019. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  80. ^ Aschwanden, Erich (5 July 2019). "Die Gleichstellung von Lesben und Schwulen könnte unerwünschte Folgen haben". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 6 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  81. ^ "Position of Swiss associations on same-sex marriage" (in French). Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  82. ^ "Le président des Eglises protestantes favorable au mariage pour tous". RTS.ch (in French). 16 August 2019. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  83. ^ "Oberster Protestant befürwortet Homo-Ehe". SRF (in German). 16 August 2019. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  84. ^ a b "Les Eglises protestantes favorables au mariage civil pour tous". RTS (in French). 5 November 2019. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  85. ^ "Rat des Kirchenbundes befürwortet die Öffnung der Ehe für gleichgeschlechtliche Paare". Schweizerischer Evangelischer Kirchenbund (in German). 29 August 2018. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  86. ^ "Eidgenössische Volksinitiative 'Für Ehe und Familie - gegen die Heiratsstrafe'". Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  87. ^ "Se marier en Suisse: avantages et inconvénients financiers". moneyland.ch (in French). Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  88. ^ Schweiz: Ehe-Verbot für Schwule und Lesben geplant Archived 12 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, 25 October 2013, queer.de
  89. ^ (in French) 13.085 n Pour le couple et la famille - Non à la pénalisation du mariage. Initiative populaire Archived 20 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Swiss Parliament, retrieved on 16 January 2015
  90. ^ "Swiss Political Parties Reveal Their Colours". Swissinfo. 11 September 2015. Archived from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  91. ^ (in French) Sur l'imposition des couples, le PDC est taxé de rétrograde Archived 20 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Tribune de Genève, retrieved 16 January 2015
  92. ^ (in French) Vote n° 49.11275 Archived 2015-02-26 at the Wayback Machine, Swiss Parliament, retrieved on 16 January 2015
  93. ^ (in French) Conseil des États - Procès-verbal de vote 13.085-2 Archived 20 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Swiss Parliament, retrieved on 5 March 2015
  94. ^ (in French) Le Conseil des États en bref (4 mars 2015) Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine, Swiss Parliament, retrieved on 5 March 2015
  95. ^ Einigungskonferenz sagt Nein zur CVP-Initative Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine [sic], 13 June 2015, queer.ch
  96. ^ Arrêté fédéral concernant l'initiative populaire «Pour le couple et la famille – Non à la pénalisation du mariage» Archived 25 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine, admin.ch
  97. ^ Bundesrat gegen CVP-Initiative Archived 25 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine, 18 November 2015, queer.ch
  98. ^ Bundesrat lanciert Abstimmungskampf zur Volksinitiative gegen die «Heiratsstrafe» Archived 12 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, 17 November 2015, admin.ch
  99. ^ Kriminelle Ausländer, Gotthard und Heiratsstrafe Archived 2 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine, 7 October 2014, NZZ
  100. ^ (in German) Bundesbeschluss über die Volksinitiative «Für Ehe und Familie – gegen die Heiratsstrafe» Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved on 10 October 2015
  101. ^ JCVP Kanton Zürich: Nein zur Ehedefinition Archived 25 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine, 6. November 2015, queer.ch
  102. ^ (in French) Le PDC genevois ne défendra pas son initiative Archived 2 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Le Courrier, retrieved on 28 February 2016
  103. ^ (in French) Les Suisses plutôt défavorables au texte UDC, selon le 2ème sondage SSR Archived 21 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, SRG SSR, retrieved on 28 February 2016
  104. ^ (in French) Initiative populaire du 05.11.2012 «Pour le couple et la famille - Non à la pénalisation du mariage» Archived 14 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  105. ^ "Et vous, gagneriez-vous à être mariés d'un point de vue fiscal?". rts.ch (in French). 12 March 2015. Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  106. ^ Karin Aebischer (29 June 2018). "Heiratsstrafe: CVP zieht Beschwerde vor Bundesgericht". nau.ch (in German). Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  107. ^ "Swiss court orders historic referendum re-run". BBC News. 10 April 2019. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  108. ^ Denise Brechbühl (14 April 2019). "Ehe: CVP beharrt nicht auf der alten Definition". nau.ch (in German). Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  109. ^ "CVP öffnet sich für die Homo-Ehe". Blick (in German). 14 April 2019. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  110. ^ "CVP öffnet sich für die Ehe für alle". Tages-Anzeiger (in German). 14 April 2019. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  111. ^ Julien Bangerter (14 April 2019). "La plupart des élus fédéraux PDC contre une définition restrictive du mariage". rts.ch (in French). Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  112. ^ "CVP öffnet sich für die Homo-Ehe". 20 Minuten (in German). 14 April 2019. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  113. ^ Eric Felley (15 April 2019). "Mariage: le cadeau empoisonné du Tribunal fédéral au PDC". Le Matin (in French). Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  114. ^ "L'initiative PDC ne sera peut-être pas revotée". Le Matin (in French). 21 April 2019. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  115. ^ "L'initiative PDC ne sera peut-être pas revotée". Tribune de Genève (in French). 21 April 2019. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  116. ^ "Le PDC revient sur l'imposition du mariage, et s'ouvre aux couples homosexuels". Le Temps (in French). 5 January 2020. Archived from the original on 6 January 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  117. ^ "98.453 INITIATIVE PARLEMENTAIRE Union de couples du même sexe". www.parlament.ch (in French). Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  118. ^ "Matrimonio per tutte e tutti, il popolo svizzero ha detto: "Sì, lo voglio"". Swissinfo.ch (in Italian). 21 September 2021.
  119. ^ "Lètg per tuts - In pass en direcziun egualitad". Swissinfo.ch (in Romansh). 21 September 2021.
  120. ^ 13.468 Initiative parlementaire: Mariage civil pour tous Archived 1 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Swiss Parliament
  121. ^ "Swiss Greens pushing for gay marriage and tax equality". Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  122. ^ (in French) Entrée en matière sur le projet de loi sur les avoirs de potentats Archived 16 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine, National Council, retrieved 20 February 2015
  123. ^ "Ehe für Alle". Archived from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  124. ^ "When will the Swiss vote on same-sex marriage?". 14 July 2015. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  125. ^ "Ständerat sagt Ja zur Homo-Ehe". Blick. 1 September 2015. Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  126. ^ "Müsste die Verfassung geändert werden?". Neue Zürcher Zeitung. 12 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  127. ^ Committee report Archived 5 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Swiss Parliament
  128. ^ "Gay marriage back on the discussion table in Swiss parliament". thelocal.ch. 16 June 2017. Archived from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  129. ^ "Débat sur le mariage pour tous prolongé jusqu'en 2019". 360.ch. 17 June 2017. Archived from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  130. ^ "Warum sich das Parlament vor dem Entscheid zur Homo-Ehe drückt". Watson. 16 June 2017. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  131. ^ "Un pas vers la naturalisation facilitée pour les partenaires enregistrés". 24 heures (Switzerland) (in French). 14 March 2016. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  132. ^ "Schweiz will ausländischen Lebenspartnern die Einbürgerung erleichtern" (in German). queer.de. 15 March 2016. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  133. ^ (in French) Suisse: Mariage gay et naturalisation traités en parallèle Archived 12 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  134. ^ «Ehe für alle» bringt volles Adoptionsrecht Archived 12 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Luzerner Zeitung, 3 June 2018
  135. ^ a b (in French) UN MARIAGE PAS SI ÉGALITAIRE DANS LES PLANS DU PARLEMENT Archived 18 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  136. ^ (in French) L'IDÉE D'UN MARIAGE GAY PROGRESSE EN SUISSE Archived 15 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Le Matin, 6 July 2018
  137. ^ (in German) Nationalratskommission will «Ehe für alle» Archived 9 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 6 July 2018
  138. ^ (in German) Die «Ehe für alle» könnte schon 2021 Realität sein Archived 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Basler Zeitung, 4 July 2018
  139. ^ Mills, George (15 February 2019). "Why same-sex marriage just got a big step closer to reality in Switzerland". thelocal.ch. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  140. ^ Le mariage homo patine sur le don du sperme Archived 15 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine, 14 February 2019, Tribune de Genève
  141. ^ "Ehe für alle" ist einen Schritt weiter Archived 15 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine, 14 February 2019, Liechtensteiner Vaterland
  142. ^ Ehe für alle: Schlanke Kernvorlage mit Zugang zur Samenspende als Variante Archived 15 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine, 14 February 2019, Swiss Parliament
  143. ^ "Le mariage pour tous mis en consultation". Archived from the original on 19 October 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  144. ^ "13.468 n Iv.pa. Groupe GL. Mariage civil pour tous". Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  145. ^ Matthias Bärlocher (21 June 2019). "Nach Heiratsstrafe Erfolg: CVP will jetzt Ehe für alle". Nau.ch (in German). Archived from the original on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
  146. ^ "Homoparentalité: oui au mariage pour tous, mais non au don de sperme pour les lesbiennes". Le Nouvelliste (in French). 30 August 2019. Archived from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  147. ^ "Swiss government supports 'marriage for all'". swissinfo.ch. 29 January 2020. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  148. ^ Shields, Michael (11 June 2020). ""Finally" say activists as Swiss same-sex marriage bill advances". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  149. ^ "Le National veut ouvrir le mariage aux couples homosexuels" (in French). La Liberté. 11 June 2020. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  150. ^ Touzain, François (11 June 2020). "Premier "oui" à un mariage pleinement égalitaire en Suisse" (in French). 360.ch. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  151. ^ Wighton, Daniel (11 June 2020). "Same-sex marriage referendum on the horizon in Switzerland". The Local Switzerland. The Local. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  152. ^ "Gesamtabstimmung - Vote sur l'ensemble" (PDF) (in German and French). Parliament of Switzerland. 11 June 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  153. ^ "Le National entre en matière sur le mariage pour tous". Le Nouvelliste (in French). 11 June 2020. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  154. ^ Rhyn, Larissa (1 December 2020). "Ehe für alle: Konservative können die Heirat für homosexuelle Paare nicht mit dem Ständemehr verhindern". NZZ. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  155. ^ "Le marriage doit également être accessibles aux couples homosexuels". parlement.ch (in French). 2 December 2020. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  156. ^ "Mariage civil pour tous - 13.468 - Initiative parlementaire - Vote n° 21969 du mer, 09. déc 2020". Parlement.ch (in French). 9 December 2020. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  157. ^ "Gesamtabstimmung - Vote sur l'ensemble" (PDF) (in German and French). Parliament of Switzerland. 9 December 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  158. ^ "Vote final" (PDF). Parlement.ch (in German and French). 18 December 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  159. ^ "Vote final" (PDF). Parlement.ch (in German and French). 18 December 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  160. ^ "Schlussabstimmung" (PDF) (in German and French). Parliament of Switzerland. 18 December 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  161. ^ "Schlussabstimmung" (PDF) (in German and French). Parliament of Switzerland. 18 December 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  162. ^ "Swiss referendum launched against same sex marriage". Le News. 14 January 2021. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  163. ^ "Switzerland to hold referendum on same-sex marriage". The Guardian. 28 April 2021. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  164. ^ "Mariage pour toutes et tous: Operation Libero est prête". operation-libero.ch (in French). 11 April 2021. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  165. ^ "Le parlement accepte le mariage pour tous". Le Temps (in French). 1 December 2020. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  166. ^ "Abstimmungsvorlagen für den 26. September 2021". Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  167. ^ "Emotionen garantiert: Bevölkerung stimmt im September über "Ehe für alle" ab | Bote der Urschweiz | Mobile". Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  168. ^ Coote, Darryl (26 September 2021). "Switzerland overwhelming votes 'yes' to same-sex marriage". United Press International. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  169. ^ "Switzerland same-sex marriage: Two-thirds of voters back yes". BBC News. 26 September 2021. Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  170. ^ Chancellerie fédérale ChF. "Votation No 647 Tableau récapitulatif". www.bk.admin.ch. Retrieved 28 November 2021..
  171. ^ Chancellerie fédérale ChF. "Droits politiques". www.bk.admin.ch. Retrieved 26 September 2021..
  172. ^ "'Marriage for all' wins thumping approval of Swiss voters". Swissinfo. 26 September 2021. Archived from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  173. ^ "History made as first same-sex couples marry in Switzerland". Agence France-Presse. France 24. 1 July 2022. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  174. ^ "In Switzerland, first same-sex couples say 'I do'". NBC News. Reuters. 2 July 2022. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  175. ^ "New year, new laws, new life in Switzerland". Swissinfo.ch. 1 January 2022. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  176. ^ Eisner, Léïla; Fischer, Susanne; Juster, Robert-Paul; Hässler, Tabea (2024). "The impact of marriage equality campaigns on stress: Did a Swiss public vote get under the skin?". PNAS. 121 (31). doi:10.1073/pnas.2400582121.
  177. ^ Minor, Liliane (31 July 2024). "Kampagne sorgt bei queeren Menschen für messbaren Stress". Tages-Anzeiger (in German).
  178. ^ "Hundreds of Swiss gay couples said yes in 2022". Swissinfo.ch. 20 March 2023.
  179. ^ "Mariages selon Année et Type du mariage". STAT-TAB (in French). Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  180. ^ "Us et coutumes de la Société Religieuse des Amis suisses (Quakers)" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 4 November 2024. Les mariages quaker ont lieu lors d'un culte spécialement organisé par le groupe local à cette intention. La condition en est que les fiancés connaissent assez bien la Société et soient conscients des conséquences religieuses et civiles de leur décision. Par cette cérémonie, les Amis prennent la responsabilité d'accompagner désormais le couple. Il est souhaitable que le couple et un membre expérimenté du groupe conviennent à l'avance des détails de la cérémonie; bien qu'il n'existe pas de prescriptions spéciales pour les mariages, la littérature quaker offre des propositions à ce sujet. Il est du devoir du membre responsable de s'assurer que le mariage civil a eu lieu.
  181. ^ Luzerner Zeitung.de: Christkatholische Kirche will gleichgeschlechtliche Paare vor dem Altar trauen (german) Archived 24 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine, August 2020
  182. ^ "Switzerland's Christian Catholic church votes in favour of same-sex marriage". Le News. 28 August 2020. Archived from the original on 11 March 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  183. ^ "Mariage pour tous entériné". La Liberté (in French). 18 June 2022. Archived from the original on 13 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  184. ^ "Le Synode national de l'Eglise catholique-chrétienne de la Suisse introduit le mariage pour tous". Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland (in French). 11 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  185. ^ "Homosexuelle Paare : Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche Genf". www.luther-genf.ch. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  186. ^ "Vernehmlassung Pa. Iv. Fraktion GL. Ehe für alle" (PDF). swissjews.ch (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  187. ^ "Eine reformierte Landeskirche outet sich, "Ehe für alle" sorgt kirchenintern für Unmut". SRF (in German). 8 August 2019. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  188. ^ a b c d e "In diesen Kirchen müssen sich gleichgeschlechtliche Paare noch gedulden". ref.ch. 1 July 2022. Archived from the original on 13 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  189. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "So rasch könnten gleichgeschlechtliche Paare in reformierten Kirchen heiraten". ref.ch (in German). 24 September 2021. Archived from the original on 18 December 2021. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  190. ^ Hess, Silvan (26 May 2022). "Synode Bern-Jura-Solothurn will kirchliche Trauung für alle". Mannschaft Magazin (in German). Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  191. ^ ""Ehe für alle" nimmt die vorletze Hürde". ref.ch (in German). 23 November 2022. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022.
  192. ^ "L'Eglise protestante vaudoise dit oui à un rite pour les couples gays". RTS (in French). 3 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  193. ^ "Des mariages homosexuels dès l'été 2022 à l'Eglise réformée neuchâteloise". RTS (in French). 2 December 2021. Archived from the original on 18 December 2021. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  194. ^ "Hochzeit". Evanglisch-Reformierte Kirche Nidwalden (in German). Archived from the original on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  195. ^ "TI: Synode spricht sich für Segnung homosexueller Paare aus". ref.ch (in German). 19 November 2014. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  196. ^ "Suisse: L'Église réformée vaudoise adopte un rite de bénédiction unique pour tous les mariages". Evangéliques.info (in French). 20 June 2022. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  197. ^ Burri, Joël (7 August 2017). "L'Eglise réformée vaudoise a célébré huit unions de couples homosexuels". 24heures.ch (in French). Archived from the original on 11 March 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  198. ^ "Tous les couples peuvent s'unir dans un temple vaudois". 24 heures (in French). 7 November 2022.
  199. ^ "Allgemeines". kirchenhochzeit.ch (in German). Ökumenische Arbeitsgruppe Kirchenhochzeit. 2019. Archived from the original on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  200. ^ "Kirchenordnung" (PDF). Evangelisch-Reformierte Kirche des Kantons Solothurn (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  201. ^ "Homosexuelle Paare meiden den Traualtar". SRF (in German). 23 April 2023.
  202. ^ "Pfarrer Segnete Lesbisches Paar – Kirche Will Fall Prüfen". Nachrichten (in German). 1 November 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  203. ^ Grichting, Martin; Bucheli, Wendelin (28 April 2015). "Einigung betreffend die Pfarrei Bürglen". Diocese of Chur (in German). Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  204. ^ "Ehe für alle – Ja klar!". Frauenbund (in German). June 2019. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  205. ^ Ring, Trudy (13 September 2019). "Swiss Catholic Diocese OK With Marriage Equality, Sort Of". Advocate. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  206. ^ Parrott, Jeff (11 May 2021). "German Catholics defy the Vatican, bless the unions of same-sex couples". Deseret News. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  207. ^ Flynn, JD (22 December 2023). "Is the 'false narrative' narrative a false narrative?". The Pillar. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  208. ^ Coppen, Luke (19 December 2023). "'Fiducia supplicans': Who's saying what?". The Pillar.
  209. ^ (in French) Enquête sur la droitisation des opinions publiques européennes Archived 1 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  210. ^ (in German) Mehrheit der Schweizer für Ehe zwischen Homosexuellen Archived 24 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, blick.ch, retrieved on 22 February 2015
  211. ^ (in German) 71 Prozent der Schweizer für Homo-Ehe Archived 23 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine, sonntagszeitung.ch, retrieved on 22 February 20152015
  212. ^ (in French) LARGE CONSENSUS POUR LES DROITS DES LGBT Archived 18 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  213. ^ (in French) Les Suisses pour l'introduction du mariage pour tous, selon un sondage Archived 2 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  214. ^ "On voit plus de musulmans qu'il y en a réellement". 20 December 2017. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  215. ^ Baumann, Bastian (21 December 2017). "Tamedia-Umfrage: 72% für Ehe für alle" (in German). Mannschaft Magazine. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  216. ^ Religion and society Archived 18 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Pew Research Center, 29 May 2018
  217. ^ Being Christian in Western Europe Archived 25 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Pew Research Center, 29 May 2018
  218. ^ Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues Archived 3 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Pew Research Center, 2017
  219. ^ "L'avenir du "mariage pour tous" se jouera cet automne". 24 heures (in French). 30 August 2019. Archived from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  220. ^ "Plus de 80% des Suisses sont favorables au mariage pour les couples de même sexe". Le Temps (in French). 10 February 2020. Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  221. ^ "Survey shows widespread Swiss support for same-sex marriage". Swissinfo. 10 February 2020. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  222. ^ Repic, Aleksandar (9 November 2020). "Sondage téléphonique omnibus au sujet du mariage civil pour toutes et tous, de l'adoption et de la procréation médicalement assistée (PMA) (2019 & 2020)" (PDF). pinkcross.ch. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Switzerland&oldid=1260404954"